Phytocannabinoids display distinct pharmacological profiles. Δ9‑Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is clinically employed for analgesia and for symptom management in multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease, notwithstanding its psychoactive properties. In contrast, cannabidiol (CBD) is being evaluated as a potential anticancer agent in ongoing clinical trials and is generally regarded as non-intoxicating. In cell culture models of neurodegeneration—contexts in which mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated—both THC and CBD attenuate mitochondrial activity while conferring protective effects. The underlying molecular mechanisms are currently under investigation by the Neurochemistry Group.